Iranian Business Management Association
International Journal of Resistive Economics
2345-4954
2
2
2014
07
01
Comparison of Iran and China from the Perspective of Knowledge-Based Economy in Order to Deal with Economic Sanctions
1
19
EN
Abolfazl
Shahabadi
Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
shahabadia@gmail.com
Zohre
Bahari
Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Iran.
zohre_bahari@yahoo.com
Economic sanctions against countries are among the factors that will disrupt process of economic growth. It seems poor countries will face more sanctions. These countries should fight with sanctions by knowledge-Based management of financial, natural and human resources, from channels of promotion of productive investments, national products, productivity, competitiveness and turn sanctions into opportunities in order to strengthen the foundation of economic prosperity and realize resistive economic. The knowledge-based economy plays an important role in order to realize resistive economic. Therefore, this study compares macroeconomic variables and status of knowledge-based economy in Iran and China, under sanctions during the period 1980-2009. The results indicate during the period 1980-2009, China increased the share of TFP in economic growth and competitive strength through development of new agents markets and made practically ineffective sanctions. So, sanction not only didn't weaken economic and productive variables in China, but also provided an opportunity for strengthen economic foundations. Iran unlike China hasn't suitable situation about innovation components and new agents markets. Therefore, Iran must expanded components of knowledge-based economy and markets of new production factors in order to neutralize effect of sanctions, turn non-renewable wealth into reproducible wealth and increasing share of TFP in economic growth.
Economic sanctions,Knowledge-Based Economy,TFP,Iran,China
https://www.oajre.ir/article_121958.html
https://www.oajre.ir/article_121958_2b49ac4dfe9e97658cc0a945e06c72f5.pdf
Iranian Business Management Association
International Journal of Resistive Economics
2345-4954
2
2
2014
07
01
Evaluating the Necessity of Production and Competing Ability of a New Energy: Approaches to Expansion of Hydrogen Fuel
20
40
EN
Amir
Vatandoust
Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
vatandoustecon@gmail.com
Mahsa
Razavi
Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
mahsarazavi66@gmail.com
Stable economy leads to increasing the economical productions, participation of more people in development and lack of probable limitations of production resources in short term and pollutants in long term. Stable development considers the energy as the main factor in economic, producing and service activities, which is needed in developing processes and expansion of producing systems in order to achieve a higher yield along with lower pollution and price. Over a period of time, economic and environmental restrictions have led to producing the energy via various resources and newly-made energies have generally been considered as available alternatives for previous fuels with different rates. In spite of all globally changed approaches and made attempts to decrease the usage of fossil fuels, transportation is still the main concern of green theorists. Three goals are focused in this paper, i.e. “hydrogen fuel burning features”, “hydrogen natural features” and “price of the new fuel”, and the necessity of expanding this energy is studied according to accomplished studies in this field. Findings show that producing, storing and transferring costs of hydrogen in a nutshell “the price of hydrogen” has decreased due to increasing demand and mass production of the fuel, and this gives a chance to hydrogen to compete with current fuels, and world energy system consequently the world economy would experience a stable situation.
Pollution of the Environment,Hydrogen Efficiency,Economic Limitations
https://www.oajre.ir/article_121960.html
https://www.oajre.ir/article_121960_431a3eefba72659556b175063654a84b.pdf
Iranian Business Management Association
International Journal of Resistive Economics
2345-4954
2
2
2014
07
01
Life Cycle Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Systems to Prioritize and Compare Their Methods with Multi-Criteria Decision Making
41
50
EN
Hamid Reza
Feili
Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Iran.
hrfeili@gmail.com
Peyman
Ahmadian
Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Iran.
peyman70106@yahoo.com
Emad
Rabiei
Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Iran.
e.rabiei92@gmail.com
How to choose an energy-efficient, environmentally friendly and economically affordable municipal solid waste (MSW) management system has been a major challenge to be taken up by decision makers. Although life cycle assessment (LCA) has been widely used for the evaluation of energy consumption and environmental burden, the economic factor is not considered yet in LCA procedures. Thus, in the present study life cycle 2E (energy and environment) assessment is extended to a 3E (energy, environment, and economy) model. To evaluate economic performance, life cycle cost (LCC) is adjusted in accordance with LCA. Afterwards, multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method is improved to integrate 3E factors. Besides, a two-step weight factor analysis is added, not only to test the robustness of the model, but also to adopt different preferences proposed by different stakeholder groups. This novel 3E model is then applied for the comparison of different MSW treatment technologies. (1) Landfill; (2) landfill with biogas conversion to electricity; (3) incineration with energy recovery. A result shows that incineration and performs best among all scenarios; landfill with biogas to electricity, with final score ranks second; and landfill without energy recovery is the worst choice. Furthermore, the weight factor analysis also shows a highly credibility of the results: when changing each factor’s weight from 0 to 1, less than 30% of the cases exhibit the variation in ranking order; almost no change in ranking order occurs when considering the different perspectives from government, enterprise and residents.
Municipal solid waste,Life Cycle Assessment (LCA),Multi-Criteria Decision- Making (MCDM)
https://www.oajre.ir/article_121961.html
https://www.oajre.ir/article_121961_c9c8249111a974c084a476cfe7eecd5e.pdf