Economic Sanctions and Political Cultures: The Relationship between the Sanctions and Variables Such As Human Rights, Consume Freedom and Political Life of the Host; (The Case Study: Iran)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 University of Yazd, Iran.

2 Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran.

Abstract

In international politics and Competition global power, to government control, and disposal of any threats to peace and security, Regulations imposed by the UN. One of the provisions is Chapter VII of the UN Chapter. According to this Chapter, the UN Security Council can perform the necessary actions to implement it. One of this Actions is Stopping all or part of the government's economic relations, That under Economic sanctions be checked.in the first place, Economic sanctions are used in order to control or Undermine the state's economic and Pushing its to Changes in domestic and international politics. In the current era, The aim of sanctions is Changing political regimes. But It can be more accurate, is changed Heterogeneous political culture against with The dominant International Culture. For example, Economic sanctions that be Applies by United States of America Against Iran and Different economic systems. Iran enjoys a different political culture and Iran's economic system Is not In the framework of the capitalist economy; As a Dominant culture on a global hawks. Currently this point there is that, The One component new and stable of human rights is respect for differences, interests and different political cultures. But what is clear is that the national interests of the great powers of capitalism, is incompatible with different political cultures. Hence the capitalism have a capabilities of growth in an own particular culture. Thus sanctions are primarily a tool to stop opposing political culture. But what exists in sanctions against Iran and the own specific political and cultural, specific Definition of Consume freedom and political life, that, On the one, have following Failure of the sanctions in some cases, On the other hand, has triggered specific definition of the resistance of the economy.

Keywords


Ahmed, Akbar and Donnan, Hastings (2005), "Islam,Globalization and  Postmodernism", Mortez Bahrani  (Translator), first edition, Tehran: Library, Museum and Document Center of Parliament
Almond, G.A, Powell, G.B and Mundt, R.J(2002), " Comprative Politics: A Theoretical Framework", Translator: Alireza Tayyeb, Tehran: StateManagementTrainingCenter.
Beryy, Christopher (2008), "Human Nature", Translator to persion: Mohammad Tavana, first ed, Tehran: Iscs Publishing.
 Edgar S. Furniss and Richard C. Snyder (1955) an Introduction to American Foreign   Policy. (New York:Rinehart).
Eliot, K.A (2006), “Economic Sanctions as a Foreign Policy Tool”, Institute for International   Economics and Center for Global Development Washington, DC.PP:6.
Esposito, j and Mogahed.D(2007) Who Speaks for Islam?: What Billion Muslims Reality Think, New York: Gallup Press.
Esposito, J.L (1991),” Democratization and Islam”, Middle East Journal, Vol.45, No.3.pp:3.
Flowers, Nancy, With­ others (2000), “The Human Rights Education Handbook/ Effective Practices for Learning, Action and Change”, University of 
From Can, Eichengreen Barry (1989) Hegemonic Stability Theories of the International Monetary System" Nations Agree? Issues in International economic Cooperation”, (Washington: The Brooking institution).  
Habibi, nader (2008), “The Iranian Economy in the Shadow of Economic Sanctions”, Middle East     Brief, Vol 31, PP: 1, University Brandeis.(In Persian).
Hall, Stuart (2011), “Meaning, Culture and Social life”, Translator: Ahmed Gol Mohammadi, first ed, Tehran: Ney publishing.
Hufbauer, G.C., Schott, J.J., Elliott, K.A.(1990). “Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and Current Policy”, second ed. Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC.
Islamic Republic of Iran leader's remarks in a meeting with a group of entrepreneurs across the country (2010), Available In: htpp:// www.leader.ir.
Islamic Republic of Iran leader's remarks in a meeting with students (2011 - 2012), Available In:  htpp:// www.leader.ir.
Islamic Republic of Iran leader's remarks in meeting whit A group of Researchers and managers of companies, foundations(2012), Available In: htpp:// www.leader.ir.
Islamic Republic of Iran leader's remarks in meeting whit system brokers(2012) Available In: htpp:// www.leader.ir.
Islamic Republic of Iran leader's remarks in Razavi shrine (2013), Available In: htpp:// www.leader.ir.
Islamic Republic of Iran leader's remarks in The visit of the President and Cabinet members (2011) , Available In: htpp:// www.leader.ir.
Kaempfer W.H. and Lowenberg A.D.(2007), “The Political Economy of Economic Sanctions”, North Holland: Handbook of Defense Economics, Volume 2. PP:868-869.
Katzenstein,­ p (1996),“Cultural norms and National security”, Itnaca: Cornele university press.
Katzenstein, p (1998), “Cultural Norms and National Security: Police and Military in Japan”,  New York: CornellUniversity Press.
Keddie, Nikki R( 2003), "Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution", YaleUniversity press.
Keohane, Robert (2005), “After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in The World Political Economy”, New Jersey: PrincetonUniversity Press.
Kindleberger, Charles P. (1986), “The world in Depression”, Berkeley & L.A: university of California Press.
Lacy, D. and. Niou, E. M. S (2004), “A Theory of Economic Sanctions and Issue Linkage:  The Roles of Preferences, Information, and Threats”, The Journal of Politics, Vol. 66, No.  1, p: 25 CambridgeUniversity Press. Minnesota.
Naghibzadeh, Ahmad( 2009), "Introduction in Political Sociology", 7 ed., Tehran: Samt Publishing. (In Persian)
Papa Khalilou-fall (1991), Culture et Relation Internationales”, Paris: Defense national. P119-129.
Rawls, John (1999), The Low of Peoples, HarvardUniversity press.
Sani Abadi, E. (2011), "Foundations of  the subjective identity of the Islamic Republic of  Iran", Tehran:  Journal of Strategic Studies, Year 14, Vol, pp:85-114, (In Persian).
Sastry, T. S.N. (2011),”Introduction to Human Rights and Duties”, Ganeshkhind: University of Pune Press.
Seifzadeh, S.H (2006), Introduction of International Relation, Tehran: Mizan Publication. (In Persian).
Tai-Ting Liu. T. and Ming-Te, H.(2011), “Hegemonic Stability and Northeast Asia: What Hegemon? What Stability?”, NationalChungHsingUniversity Press.  Journal of Asia Pacific Studies Volume 2 No 2.
Walzer, Michael (2010), "Thick and Thin: Moral Argument at Home and Abroad", Translated by: Sadegh Haghighat and Morteza Bahrani, First ed. Tehran:  Iscs publication.
Walzer, Michael(1983), "Spheres of Justice: a Defense of Pluralism and Equality", Basic Book.
Walzer, Michael(1997), "On Toleration", YaleUniversity press New Haven & London.
Ward, Glenn(1997), "Teach Yourself Postmodernism", London: Hodder Headline Ltd.
Zahrani, M. (1997), "The practice of economic sanctions", Tehran : Foreign Policy magazine, year XI, No. 1.pp:67 (In Persian).
Zahrani, M. (2010), "Sanctions Against Iran: War replacing or the original components  of control", Tehran: Journal of International Relations, Second Year, No. IV, P47-78. (In Persian).
Zahrani, M. and Dolatkhah, Z. (2010), "Comparison of sanctions against Iran and North Korea  to the UN Security Council," Tehran : Rahbord  Journal, No. 55,P 139-170. (In Persian).