Iranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-49543220150701Changes of EC and TSS at Different Stages of Biological Wastewater Treatment with an Effort to Leachate Filterability; (Case Study: Composting Factory in the West of Golestan Province)113122060ENHojatollahRashidiEnvironmental Pollutants Engineering, Islamic Azad university, Science and research Branch, Tehran, Iran.SohailaEbrahimiGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Department of Soil Science, Iran.ParvinFarshchiDepartment of Environmental Pollution, Islamic Azad University, Tehran’s Science and Research Branch. Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20150210Leachate is the liquid that passes through the garbage and leaks out of solid waste containing soluble substances, suspended particles or derived from the original waste. Hence, the formation of leachate management is a key process to remove potential contamination of underground water resources. So, the objective of this study was to pay special attention not only to a correct strategy but also to find the most appropriate conditions for biological activities in different seasons that predict the refinery efficiency in different seasons and its effectiveness for reducing climate factors such as temperature and amend via continuous and regular monitoring of the two parameters of EC and TSS and emphasizing the leachate filterability. To do so, this study carried out sampling in five stations at Composting Factory of Aq-qala over 1258 days with 135 times. The changes of EC and TSS between 2010 and 2014 have been analyzed. The average concentrations of EC, removal efficiency and TSS was 32.45, 67.7% and 3611.4 mg/l, 97.5% (high efficiency and optimum) respectively in crude leachate and 10.47 ms/cm, and 89.8 mg/l respectively in final leachate which determined high efficiency and optimal performance. Most importantly, refinery was tolerated at EC= 61.12 ms/cm (high EC) and it worked without problem. They were observed maximum efficiency, reducing EC and TSS in anaerobic unit and the best result in the first half of Spring and Autumn in the final output (EC= 7.1, TSS=10), and the lowest efficiency was achieved in the mid of Summer (EC=18.3) and late winter (TSS=200), which was related to the temperature and bacterial population.https://www.oajre.ir/article_122060_26ba0b376f6f4e1c51a53bb16b3e7ccf.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-49543220150701Studying the Relationship Between Financial Development and Emissions of Carbon Dioxide in Iran: Using Autoregressive-Distributed Lag1326122061ENMostafaKarimzadehFaculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.SalehTaheri BazkhanehEconomics and Planning, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.HasanKamali DalfardiEconomic Development and Planning, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.MohammadrezaBarakchianFerdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.Journal Article20150212<span>The emissions of air pollutants and its consequences, particularly in the present conditions that the volume of these pollutants is increasing with an upward trend have drawn more attentions to dealing with its destructive effects. In this regard, financial development serves as a channel for modern technology compatible with environment. Financial development is capable of having direct role in energy consumption and consequently emissions of CO2. Accordingly, this research deals with the examining of financial development's effects on emissions of CO2 during 1973-2009 in Iran. In order to achieve the main objective of research, ARDL is used. The results of estimation prove the negative long term relationship between financial improvement and emissions of CO2. In addition, the results also show that there is a positive long term relationship between GDP, Energy intensity and the degree of economic openness with emissions of CO2.</span>https://www.oajre.ir/article_122061_43f6ad5835936e990988aa431a209226.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-49543220150701Explaining Effective Factors on Consumers Willingness to Pay More for Buying Green Products Based on the Value-Belief-Norm Theory2738122063ENAlirezaZiaei-BidehPersian Gulf University, Iran.MahsaNamakshenas JahromiIndustrial Management, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.Journal Article20150125This study aimed to investigate effective factors on consumers’ willingness to buy green products that have a premium price compared with similar products in market. For this purpose, the value-belief-norm theory has been used and conceptual model has been developed accordingly. Required data for testing research model and hypotheses has been gathered through questionnaire survey between 300 citizens of Yazd province. Also, structural equation modeling and path analysis approach have been used for fitting the conceptual model. Findings showed that the value-belief-norm theory, with slight modifications, can predict and investigate consumers’ willingness to pay more for green products. Research findings show that altruistic and biospheric values have a significant and positive role in consumers’ attitude toward environment. Also, based on results of this study consumers attitude toward environment can increase their awareness about consequences and problems of environment. This increased awareness leads to ascription of responsibility and then personal norm toward preserving environment. Finally, pro-environmental personal norm increases consumers’ willingness to buy green products even when they are premium priced compared with similar products.https://www.oajre.ir/article_122063_a670266574311c8a22efc5af4a7addeb.pdf