Iranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-49548220200401The Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Imports of Capital Goods in the Industry Sector of Iran During Sanctions117125219ENRezaRoshanDepartment of Economics, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.Journal Article20091124This paper investigates the effect of Exchange Rate Volatility (ERV) on Imports of capital goods in Iran’s Industry for the period of 1979-2012 In terms of sanctions. In the first stage, we consider a special case of GARCH family model to measure ERV. In the second stage, we employed the OLS approach for estimating the import demand function for Iran’s industry sector, so that ERV has entered in the model as an explanatory variable. The other explanatory variables considered for multivariate estimation include the value of production of industrial goods and relative prices index of Imports of capital goods. The result of Engle-Granger Co-integration test shows a long term relationship between the imports of Iran's industrial goods, ERV and other variables. The findings suggest that ERV has negative impact on Imports of capital goods in Iran’s Industry. In addition, the effect of relative prices index is negative, but the effect of production of industrial goods on the Imports of capital goods is positive.https://www.oajre.ir/article_125219_b3f6eea362a126d2142d116af58dcbdd.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-49548220200401Resistive Economy and Security with Emphasizing On Job Creating and Its Role in Sustainable Social and Economic Development with a Viewpoint toward Development of Technical and Vocational Education (Case study: South Khorasan Province, Iran)1834125220ENFarhoodGolmohammadiDepartment of Agricultural Extension and Education, Islamic Azad University Birjand Branch, Birjand, Iran.Fatemeh SadatMiriAgricultural Extension and EducationJournal Article20191012Resistive economy is a way to circumvent sanctions against a country or region experiencing sanctions. This can involve increasing resilience by substituting local inputs for imported inputs, the smuggling of goods and an increasing imparts. A country may even attempt to turn these pressures into opportunities. In some ways sanctioned economies bear some resemblance to an economy on a war or emergency footing. Measuring economic activity in nations under sanctions requires different techniques than those used for other countries. changing culminates in new demands on future employees and also find expression in conceptions of vocational education; the vocational school has the responsibility to develop vocational flexibility for coping with the changing demands of the world of work and society. the vocational school has not only the responsibility to teach vocational and general learning contents, but also enable the learner to think and act independently and responsibly considering the demands of the vocational education. the skilled worker who only has to offer his physical strength in the future will not meet the requirements of a modern world of work, because the machine has taken over a lot of his performance. In this regards, technical and vocational educations (TVE) are a substantial solution key.https://www.oajre.ir/article_125220_97bbe1d378f8b525d60ebaf73e66854f.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-49548220200401Total Quality Management and Business Excellence in Croatia3549125221ENHosseinRahimi KalourDepartment of economics and Management, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran.RezaKazemzadehDepartment of General Psychology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran.Journal Article20191115Considering the nature, function and different dimensions of morality, especially in the areas of quality and delivery of services in the field of tourism, this article emphasizes on the position of morality as one of the strategic aspects of Total Quality Management (TQM). It is important to note that the ultimate aim of directors, respecting the law of “do not deceive customers at all”, besides considering of the moral and tourism components and hospitality has been collecting moral principles along with respecting the legal regulations and framework. The rules of business, besides keeping ethics, describe also ethical standards of achieving a reasonable and custom earning. Studies suggest an increased level of business competitiveness in the light of the use of standards of business ethics.The main purpose of this article was reviewing and the analysis of various functions of business ethics and effective set up of approaches relating to management of TQM in the target country, i.e. Croatia, which is done through library and comparative studies.The methodology used in this paper is based on the selection of library studies and several internal and abroad papers, which resulted in a coherent research to achieve tangible achievements in this field.Croatia is trying to join the Europe Union, which its prerequisite is reaching the Europe standards in all areas of work and endeavour. The purpose of this paper is consolidation of the excellent position of the business morals in the field of tourism and aiding and assisting Croatia for achieving the ultimate quality standards in Europe. Results showed that, basically, quality is multi-dimensional and multi-faceted issue. However, it can be measured through qualitative and quantitative criteria, statistics and the analysis of data. In particular, as a general result, it can be said that ethics and social responsibility in Croatia have many differences with Europe standards.https://www.oajre.ir/article_125221_f39c600d3d8414b3a7bd057498e97ede.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-49548220200401Examining the Effects of R&D and Human Capital on Export of Iran5062125222ENArashKetabforoush BadriFaculty of Management and Accounting, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.RaminYahyaviEducation Management, Faculty of Management, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran.MostafaPourebrahimDepartment of Economics, College of Economics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.Journal Article20191210Export for any country as the driving force of the economy, is a factor for progress and has many advantages. Export also acts as a channel for technology transfer and knowledge to differentiate products and improve product design ideas. This is an important economic factor, which provides opportunities for the exploitation of successful researches, and increases the incentives for investment in R&D and encourages technical innovation and the development of markets. For this purpose, this study tries to investigate the effects of R&D and human capital on export of Iran in the 1975-2012 period using OLS methods. The results show that R&D has a significant and positive effect on export, so by 1 percent increase of R&D, export increased 0/33 percent. Also, human capital has a positive impact on export. It can be said that by 1 percent increase in the human capital, export increased 0/58 percent.https://www.oajre.ir/article_125222_28019dddbd5cc148aca68441c6dc6fad.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-49548220210129Toward Eco Green Energy: Fabrication of DSSC from Recycled Phone Screen6368125223ENMuhammadAyazDepartment of Physics, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan.0000-0002-4226-1001Jafar KhanKasiDepartment of Physics, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan.Ajab KhanKasiAssociate Professor, Department of Physics, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan.SamiSamiullahDepartment of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan.MustafaAliDepartment of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, 87300, Pakistan.Journal Article20191124The dye-sensitized solar cell was fabricated using discarded mobile phone. The recycled mobile screen was used as counter electrode. In the fabrication process, the use of recycled materials promotes eco green energy and alternative source for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The ITO substrate was used as photoelectrode growing zinc oxide (ZnO) by hydrothermal growth. The natural plant Alkanna tinctoria root extract was used as photosensitizer and N719 was used as reference dye. The power to conversion efficiency achieved as 0.0244% by natural plant Alkanna tinctoria root. The aim of this study is to develop a culture of using recycled items toward eco green energy production as well as research work may also be carried out by these discarded mobile screen as photo and counter electrode.https://www.oajre.ir/article_125223_8cacd6f55127a518a907855e65138141.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-49548220200401The Effect of Replacing Imported Material with Domestic Material in Economic Growth and Development of Vaccine Industry and Reinforcing it in The Time of Sanctions with an Emphasis on Resistive Economy6983125224ENMahdieJafariDepartment of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Science, Tehran, Iran.MasoudMoghaddam PourDepartment of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute Karaj, Iran.MahnazJafariDepartment of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20191112Today, economy is one of the important components of every country. Special attention to economy is one of the important policies of the Islamic system in order to create tolerance and resistance and confrontation against the enemy’s pressures. Diseases and their treatments create numerous economic problems for individuals and states throughout the world. Therefore, the most important goals of each state in public health is to reduce costs using prevention methods. Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies in order to prevent many infectious diseases. With the growth of the vaccine industry and due to the import of some of the materials used in vaccines, the existence of sanctions and the exchange rate, their import has been faced with significant problems and costs. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to examine replacing the imported materials with domestic materials in the sanction era with an emphasis on resistive economy. By comparing the immunogenicity of the vaccine with aluminum hydroxide and oil adjuvant Montanide ISA 70 in poultry and using the SPSSTM software program, it is concluded that Montanide ISA 70 can be replaced with aluminum hydroxide. It was showed in this study that replacing montanide ISA 70 (imported material) with aluminum hydroxide in poultry vaccines reduces the costs of vaccine production significantly and prevents dependence on foreign countries.https://www.oajre.ir/article_125224_e795059290449c82d0ed56028f079f3f.pdf