Iranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-495411120230101Factors affecting organizational cynicism and its implications: A study among faculty members1916346710.22034/oajre.2023.163467ENLayaMortazaviPhD in Human Resource Management, Bandar Anzali Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Anzal , Iran.0000-0003-0807-2722Journal Article20221110Cynicism is One of the organizational concepts which recently has been interested in many researchers. The Objective of this research is identifying the factors affecting organizational cynicism and its consequences of faculty members. After reviewing the literature and interviews with 15 experts, we used ANP technique to identify and rank the most important factors affecting organizational cynicism and its consequences. From the factors identified in this research, Perception of organizational politics is was the more important factor that has the greatest impact on organizational cynicism, and then Social cynicism, Violation of the psychological contract, Reducing Organizational Justice, Trait cynicism, reduce organizational support, reduce job security and Leadership style where the next-ranked priorities. Cynicism about change was the most important consequences of organizational cynicism and reduce organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment and job satisfaction were the next-ranked priorities. Research findings suggest that universities should consider the factors influencing organizational cynicism and control it to avoid undesired outcomes of this phenomenon.https://www.oajre.ir/article_163467_3b0d6018c1ec4b94dad84fe80f1d4bf6.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-495411120230101Management of new media in the marketing of sports products101916794410.22034/oajre.2023.167944ENMohammad SaeidKianiPhD Student, Department of Sports Management, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0001-8882-1097LeilaNazariPhD student in Sports Management, Kurdistan University, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0001-9870-4396LeilaShahbazpourPhD student in Sports Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranJournal Article20220718The main goal of this research was to manage new media in the marketing of sports products in the country. The research method of content analysis is qualitative and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research includes people with experience in sports recovery management at different levels of sports. Experts and professors were knowledgeable in the marketing issues of the country and the officials of the marketing committee of the sports federations. The interviews continued in a purposeful and snowball manner and finally 21 people were interviewed. Finally, the data from the interviews were analyzed through three stages of open, central and selective coding. In the category of internet marketing in sports, the concepts obtained from these cases include: the lack of a specific trustee in sports internet marketing, Lack of managerial stability in the country's sports, lack of comprehensive and coherent laws and regulations, lack of internet marketing structure in sports, lack of correct application of internet marketing in the processes and functions of sports business, insisting on using traditional methods in sports business, state of sports , the recent economic crisis and the budget reduction of sports organizations, The inappropriateness of the role and importance of internet marketing in the sports industry, the lack of marketing experts in the country's sports, the lack of an evaluation system for internet marketing spaces in the country's sports, and the political conditions governing the government and consequently the country's sports.https://www.oajre.ir/article_167944_d831a012023dcacde4e8b9483ad5a438.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-495411120230101Providing a Model for Commercialization of Knowledge-Based Ideas in Companies Located in Science and Technology Parks203116797010.22034/oajre.2023.167970ENHomayounAsadiPhD Student in Entrepreneurship, Department of Entrepreneurship, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.0000-0003-1585-1003MajidFattahiAssistant Professor,Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch ,IranMaryamTaghvaieAssistant professor, Department of Educational Management, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.Journal Article20220727The purpose of this article is to present a model for the commercialization of knowledge-based ideas in companies located in science and technology parks. The methodological framework used is the Grounded Theory with a qualitative approach and systemic view. The statistical population includes experts in the area of science and technology parks and CEOs of knowledge-based companies based in these park. Using theoretical sampling, after conducting 15 in-depth interviews, the research findings reached theoretical saturation. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding and the final theory was formed round the axial categories of "innovation" and "market orientation". The generated theory was modified in several steps through member review strategies and negative case analysis in terms of credibility. Also, in order to meet the reliability criteria, the data analysis process until the formation of the theory was described as much as possible. The results show that the axial categories are identifiable based on the factors individual competence, team competence, nature of innovation and technology, market readiness, technology readiness level, and support factors. In addition, these constructs, under the influence of environmental, political-administrative, sociocultural, economic-financial, technological and legal interfering conditions and the contextual organizational conditions of knowledge-based companies, the role of technology parks and government support and the application of commercialization strategies, lead to sustainable entrepreneurship, product quality improvement, sales and profit promotion, and better serving the society.https://www.oajre.ir/article_167970_27728971ee68edd88eeb438e383c4dcc.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-495411120230101An empirical investigation of the Pollution Haven Hypothesis in Iran323816826410.22034/oajre.2023.168264ENSeyed ValiallahMirhoseyniAssistant Professor, Department of Economics, Payam Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran0000-0002-1540-8469SeyedHossein IzadiAssistant Professor, Department of Economics, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-0816-972XAliakbarBeheshtiMaster student , Department of governmental management adaptation and development, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20220724The Pollution Haven Hypothesis is one of the most influential theories that reviews the effects of environmental laws and policies. In keeping with the implementation of milder environmental laws or the lack of strictness in implementing relevant laws, polluting industries have been transferred to some developing countries. This process turned the above countries into a haven for polluting industries worldwide. The pollution haven hypothesis argues that polluting industries will relocate to regions with looser environmental regulations known as "Pollution Havens," generally low-income countries, when countries open up to international trade. In the present research, the experimental investigation of the pollution shelter hypothesis was carried out in Iran using an econometric model of Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDEL). The results indicate that an increase in CO2 emissions per capita increases Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows in Iran. The relationship between economic openness and the foreign direct investment flow was confirmed by the positive and significant coefficient of the Trade Freedom index in Iran. Finally, it was found that there is a positive relationship between the population growth rate and foreign investment flow in Iran.https://www.oajre.ir/article_168264_fc69ea6f3b0ee3ff0521f4cf5328de86.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-495411120230101The Effect of Certainty in Language on Customer Brand Power Perception and Mental Engagement on Social Media (Case Study: City Bank Branches in Mashhad)394817017110.22034/oajre.2023.170171ENSaeidAsghariMs, Department of Business Management, International Orientation, Institute of Higher Education of Kheradgerayan Motahar, Mashhad, Iran.Journal Article20220705The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of certainty in language on brand power perception and mental engagement of City Bank customers in Mashhad on social media. This is an applied research conducted through a descriptive survey. The statistical population included all the customers of City Bank in Mashhad, to a total number of 304,689. The sample size (n = 384) was obtained from Cochran's formula, the individual members of which were selected using simple random sampling. For data analysis, partial least squares (PLS) method was used in SPSS and SmartPLS 4. The results indicated that certainty in language had a positive and significant effect on the brand power perception of the City Bank customers on social networks. In addition, according to the results, certainty in language had a positive and significant effect on the mental engagement of City Bank customers on social networks.<br /><br />Keywords: Certainty in language; Customer brand power perception; Customer mental engagement; Social networks; City Bankhttps://www.oajre.ir/article_170171_06aace8d2b864475e7b3e2eb54a8107e.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-495411120230101Investigating the role of green marketing approach in strengthening the food industry branding496117161410.22034/oajre.2023.171614ENSeyed Mohammad RezaHosseini RostamiMasters degree, Department of Executive Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, University of Science and Research, Tehran, IranMohammadHaghighiAssociate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20220420No more than three decades of green marketing approach has been considered by the scientific community. It is very obvious that the neglect of the green approach by industry make problems and high costs for society and the environment. This research seeks to place a green approach to determine the proper functioning of the food industry. The main objective of this study is to identify the role of green marketing approach to strengthening food brand. To achieve the main objective of the questionnaire was designed and distributed among 394 students(The study is a simple random sampling And determining the sample size of the population, with the Cochrane statistical sampling of using the equation) Data and information gathered through questionnaires, the study, were analyzed using statistical Spss software .To analyze the data in the study of methods of T-test(To check rates and non-equal or equal to the average of the sample mean) and Friedman test (in order factors priority) is used. Research findings suggest that research hypotheses were confirmed. In other words, reduce waste, use of environmentally friendly materials, reduce environmental pollution, and reduce energy consumption and the use of green packaging in the food production process to strengthen their power of brand.https://www.oajre.ir/article_171614_b3a162695bd78b123bac151e1dc61c13.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-495411120230315Examining the Relationship between Transformational Leadership Components and Economic Innovative Behaviors among Educational Hospital Managers627724287810.22034/oajre.2023.242878ENHosseinAghajan NezhadPh.D. in Business Management, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, IranJournal Article20220702Educational hospitals operate in a dynamic and complex environment that necessitates a transition from traditional management approaches to agile and innovative strategies. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the four components of transformational leadership and economic innovative behaviors among managers of educational hospitals in Iran. The research employed a descriptive-correlational design based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population comprised senior and middle managers of educational hospitals affiliated with medical universities across the country in 2024. Using Cochran's formula, a sample of 217 participants was selected through stratified random sampling. Data collection instruments included the standard Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Bass & Avolio) and a researcher-developed questionnaire measuring economic innovative behaviors, both of which demonstrated confirmed validity and reliability. Data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 4 software and bootstrapping algorithms. Findings revealed that all components of transformational leadership exerted positive and significant effects on economic innovative behaviors .Intellectual stimulation demonstrated the strongest direct effect, while individualized consideration showed the weakest direct effect. The structural model of the study explained 68.4% of the variance in economic innovative behaviors, indicating strong explanatory power. The results suggest that enhancing transformational leadership competencies, particularly in cognitive and motivational dimensions, provides the necessary foundation for fostering economic innovative behaviors.https://www.oajre.ir/article_242878_5a3e9e39808a05b9b7145976f6f7b7cb.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-495411120230102Investigating the Impact of Strategic Agility on Entrepreneurial Marketing Considering the Mediating Role of Organizational Intelligence in the Tourism Industry789124544410.220.34.2023.44ENMohammad EbrahimNaderi KhorshidiMasters Degree, Business Management (Marketing Orientation), Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.Journal Article20220713The primary objective of this research is to investigate the impact of strategic agility on entrepreneurial marketing, considering the mediating role of organizational intelligence among businesses operating in the tourism industry of Mazandaran Province. From a purposive standpoint, this research is applied, and in terms of nature and methodology, it falls under descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population comprised all senior managers, experts, and entrepreneurs active in organizations, hotels, travel agencies, and ecotourism complexes in Mazandaran Province. Using Cochran’s formula with a 5% margin of error, the sample size was determined to be 280 individuals, selected via stratified random sampling based on business type and city. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire based on established literature, with its face and content validity confirmed by a panel of academic and industry experts. To analyze the data and test the conceptual model, the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was employed using SmartPLS4 software. The findings from the measurement model assessment demonstrated satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity and reliability for all constructs. Furthermore, the structural model results indicated that strategic agility has a significant positive impact on entrepreneurial marketing and organizational intelligence. Additionally, organizational intelligence exerts a significant positive impact on entrepreneurial marketing. Bootstrapping results for the mediating effect confirmed that organizational intelligence plays a significant partial mediating role in the relationship between strategic agility and entrepreneurial marketing.https://www.oajre.ir/article_245444_4fdd62e26d388e2162043c66a50b281a.pdf