Iranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-495413320250701Designing a Paradigmatic Model of Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes of Humorous and Witty Advertising12122861710.22034/oajre.2025.545594.1139ENMehdiGhajari KenariDepartment of Business management, Bob.C., Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran.Seyed RezaMousavizadehDepartment of Accounting and management, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.Seyyed MohammadBagheriDepartment of Accounting and management, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.MehdiRouholaminiDepartment of Business management, Bob.C., Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran.Journal Article20250622The purpose of this study is to identify the environmental and marketing components influencing humorous advertising in the automotive industry. This research is qualitative in nature, developmental in its objectives, and exploratory in terms of data collection methodology. The grounded theory approach was employed to analyze data and develop a paradigmatic model. Data were collected through 16 semi-structured interviews with marketing experts, including university professors and marketing managers from automotive companies. The sampling method used was purposive sampling based on the snowball technique. Following the development of the conceptual model, five main dimensions, along with their corresponding components, were identified and extracted within the framework of contextual factors, intervening conditions, causal conditions, core category, strategies, and outcomes, encompassing 15 categories and 50 concepts derived from 188 final codes. In this study, the components of media characteristics, the communicative role of media, and industry-company relationships were identified as causal conditions. Additionally, audience characteristics, dimensions of the communication mix, and product-related factors were recognized as contextual factors. External macro-environmental factors and internal company environment were identified as intervening conditions. Furthermore, targeted customer communication and enhancement of experiential advertising features were recognized as strategies within the research model. Finally, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components were identified as outcomes.https://www.oajre.ir/article_228617_30f4926971a4407e79fb9e61b0905b8e.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-495413320250701Presenting the development model of a new banking business model with a digital banking approach224222879410.22034/oajre.2025.531435.1122ENParvizSaeidiDepartment of Accounting, AK.C., Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran0000-0003-3531-3894AliZamaniDepartment of Entrepreneurship, AK.C., Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, IranElaheMasoumiDepartment of management, AK.C., Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, IranJournal Article20250626The growing trend of moving towards digital banking has doubled the need to pay attention to digital product development, and the need to develop a framework seems necessary. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop a new banking business model with a digital banking approach. The current research is a mixed exploratory research and is a qualitative-quantitative type of study and is applied in terms of purpose. The strategy used in this research is the foundational data conceptualization theory. The statistical population of the research is bank managers of different levels and university professors who have enough experience in the field of new digital product development. The sampling approach is purposeful and continued until reaching theoretical saturation. In this way, the required theoretical saturation was achieved with a sample of 15 people. Strauss and Corbin method with three coding techniques: open coding, axial coding and selective coding was used to analyze the data. After coding and analyzing data using Maxqda software, 21 categories were identified and 126 concepts were identified based on classification and their relationship with components. Finally, after analyzing the results with Amos software, the model fitting was done and the results of the quantitative part confirm the findings of the qualitative part, and it was found that the selection of concepts, dimensions and indicators is highly accurate and can be a suitable framework. Provide for the development of the vision document of digital banking.https://www.oajre.ir/article_228794_9e5b606b552d232b5b81679471aea9db.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-495413320250914Testing the Optimal Implementation Model of Digital Marketing in the Tourism Industry435322929110.22034/oajre.2025.546391.1143ENMajidFattahiDepartment of Business Management, Sar.C., Islamic Azad University, Sari, IranMahboubehNazariDepartment of Business Management, Sar.C., Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.MajidFaniDepartment of Business management, Bob.C., Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran.Journal Article20250617The purpose of this study is to test the optimal implementation model of digital marketing in the tourism industry. This research is applied in terms of its objective and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. Data were collected using a researcher-developed standardized questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of managers and employees of tourism startups. Given the indeterminate size of the population, the sample size was determined to be 385 individuals using Cochran’s formula for an unknown population, with sampling conducted through convenience random sampling. The composite reliability and reliability of each research component were calculated, indicating the reliability of the measurement tool. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed through content validity, with calculations of the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) for the questionnaire items, as well as divergent and convergent validity, confirming the questionnaire’s adequate validity. Structural equation modeling was employed for data analysis using SmartPLS4 software. The results identified five main themes: experience-based marketing strategy, tourism-oriented technologies, interaction and trust-building with tourists, human resources and organizational agility, and performance evaluation and competitiveness. Among these, the experience-based marketing strategy theme, with a coefficient of 0.874, ranked first in priority and importance, followed by tourism-oriented technologies with a coefficient of 0.793 (second priority), interaction and trust-building with tourists with a coefficient of 0.786 (third priority), human resources and organizational agility with a coefficient of 0.762 (fourth priority), and performance evaluation and competitiveness with a coefficient of 0.468 (fifth priority).https://www.oajre.ir/article_229291_5d7a31744771fd69a284b6675ace726d.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-495413320250701Financial Performance Evaluation Using Variants of Economic Value Added in Consumer Goods Industries Listed on the Iraqi Securities Exchange547923488010.22034/oajre.2025.552645.1154ENOsama AbdulsalamJothr Al-bunajimPhD student, Department of Economics, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.SaraGhobadiAssociate Professor, Department of Economics, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.0000-0001-9933-4550Abdulrazzaq HamadHusseinProfessor of Economics, Tikrit University, salahaldeen, Iraq.HosseinSharifi RenaniAssociate Professor, Department of Economics, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.0000-0002-5072-3616Journal Article20251011This study investigates the financial performance of consumer goods companies listed on the Iraqi Securities Exchange using Economic Value Added (EVA). EVA is introduced as a comprehensive metric of corporate profitability and shareholder value creation, as it explicitly incorporates the opportunity cost of capital. The findings indicate that EVA can help identify areas of underperformance and opportunities for improvement, ultimately contributing to enhanced shareholder value. Conventional accounting methods commonly employed to measure and analyze corporate financial performance have been widely criticized for their limitations. Accordingly, this research aims to examine the impact of three contemporary economic performance measures—Economic Value Added (EVA), Refined Economic Value Added (REVA), and EVA Momentum—on firms’ financial performance. Furthermore, it seeks to identify the measure with the highest explanatory power regarding financial performance through relative and incremental information content analyses. The results demonstrate that all Economic Value Added metrics exert a statistically significant influence on corporate financial performance. Moreover, REVA emerges as the most effective economic indicator for explaining and enhancing financial performance among the examined measures.https://www.oajre.ir/article_234880_03479c34723f2053f1af10c53da260b3.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-495413320250701Investigation of Factors Affecting the Adoption of Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management for International Trade Transactions809522563910.22034/oajre.2025.535931.1127ENFatemehHashemnejad AbrasiAssistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran. f.hashemnejad@iau.irAliGorji KarsamiPhD student in Sociology of Iranian Social Issues, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Iran, TehranMortezaRashidian ZarriniMaster of Public Administration, Organization and Methods, Islamic Azad University of Qaemshahr, Iran, QaemshahrJournal Article20250720The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors influencing the adoption of blockchain technology in supply chain management for international trade transactions. The research employs a descriptive (survey-based) correlational method. The study population consisted of approximately 130 managers from manufacturing companies in the petrochemical industry, from which a sample of 97 individuals was selected as the final statistical sample based on the Krejcie and Morgan table. Convenience (non-probability) sampling was used. Data were collected through a designed questionnaire, which included items adapted from relative advantage, complexity, management support, cost, market dynamics, competitive pressure, regulatory policies, and behavioral intention (Wang et al., 2020), confidentiality and security (Queiroz & Wamba, 2019), and data integrity (Dutta et al., 2020). The questionnaire items demonstrated content validity and high reliability (internal consistency and stability). Structural equation modeling was utilized to examine the relationships between the research variables using AMOS and SPSS software. The findings indicate that the relative advantage of the technology, technological complexity, confidentiality, data integrity, and data security do not have a direct relationship with the cost of adoption, management support, market dynamics, competitive pressure, or regulatory policies in blockchain technology within supply chain operations and management. However, technological complexity has a direct relationship with adoption costs, management support for technology implementation, and senior management support for blockchain technology in supply chain operations and management. The cost of technology adoption and technological complexity do not have an inverse relationship with the acceptance of this technology in supply chain operations and management.https://www.oajre.ir/article_225639_2ad47cc75ea22eb5dbd3f08a4d8a451c.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-495413320250901The Impact of Export Diversification on Unemployment Rates in Developing Countries9611922697910.22034/oajre.2025.537443.1129ENShirinMehrbodPhD Student, Department of Economics, Isf.C, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.SaeedDaei-KarimzadehAssociate Professor, Department of Economics, Isf.C, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IranMostafaRajabiAssociate Professor, Department of Economics, Kho.C, Islamic Azad University, khomainishahr, Iran.Journal Article20250727Export growth plays an important role in the economy of any country, especially developing countries, due to its impact on trade growth and economic growth. Therefore, the sustainability of export growth rates can be considered an important issue for developing countries. Most studies have proven that export diversification is an effective solution to this issue due to its pivotal role in preventing export concentration deficiency. And since one of the most important macroeconomic goals is to increase the employment rate in the country. The question arises whether export diversification can help increase the employment rate? For this purpose, this study attempts to examine the effect of export diversification on the unemployment rate in developing countries in three groups with different income levels during the years 2008 to 2022 using a generalized system moments model. The results show that in all three groups of countries, export diversification has been able to reduce the unemployment rate. This indicates a positive effect of export diversification on employment.https://www.oajre.ir/article_226979_abc1bf5137eda7a8f871839771e15b86.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-495413320250701Identification and Evaluation of Factors Influencing Resilient Economy in Businesses based on Meta-Synthesis Method and Cognitive Mapping12013520745810.22034/oajre.2024.475368.1095ENSeyedeh MasoumehMousavizadehDepartment of Management, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabor, IranSeyed RasoulHoseiniPhD in Management, Department of Management, Torbet Heydarieh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Torbet Heydarieh, Iran0000-0003-0382-055XMahdiHajahmadiPhD in Communication Sciences, Department of Communication Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-3418-0540Journal Article20240826The complexities governing a country's economy and increasing external pressures demand changes in the country's economic policies to not only withstand external pressures but also foster the growth and development of the nation. The aim of this research is to identify and investigate the factors influencing business development based on a resilient economy using the fuzzy cognitive map approach. The study utilizes the meta-synthesis method for identifying factors affecting business development in a resilient economy and employs the cognitive map method to examine the relationship among the identified factors. This research systematically reviews texts and selects 43 research titles for examination within the period of 2013-2024. Following text extraction and analysis, key codes are extracted and clustered using Atlas.ti software, organized into concepts and components. Ultimately, 14 themes, 49 concept categories, and 290 distinct codes are extracted and classified. Additionally, the quantitative section of the research investigates the relationship among the identified factors. The research population in the quantitative section consists of 18 experts in resilient economics. The sample is non-probabilistic and selected using the snowball sampling method. Semi-structured interviews are used for data collection, and FCMapper and Pajek software are employed for quantitative analysis of the results. The findings reveal that economic factors had the highest impact with a magnitude of 3.733, while cognitive population factors had the highest susceptibility with a value of 3.058. In terms of centrality, economic factors with a value of 4.523 exhibit the highest centrality.https://www.oajre.ir/article_207458_50cf7b54399677fe045c70bf252e13e9.pdfIranian Business Management AssociationInternational Journal of Resistive Economics2345-495413320250701The effects of Covid-19 on the lending performance of banks to SMEs: Markov Switching approach15416421229710.22034/oajre.2024.488711.1097ENRezaTaheri Haftasiabi, Department of Economic Sciences, Faculty of Management and Economics, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0009-0006-6560-1298AmenehNaderiUrmia University, Department of Economic Sciences, Faculty of Management and Economics, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.YousefMohammadzadehAssociate Professor, Urmia University, Department of Economic Sciences, Faculty of Management and Economics, Urmia University, Urmia, IranJournal Article20241113Small and medium enterprises (SME) in all societies play a very important role in improvement of economic indicators especially employment. Therefore, supporting these businesses for instance bank loan, can have many positive effects on the entire economy. However, the occurrence of shocks such as spreading of the Covid-19 virus causes high credit risk and some problems for these supports. So, this research has investigated the impact of the Covid-19 virus epidemic on the performance of bank loan to small and medium-sized companies in Iran. In this study, the data of the amount of lending by Iranian banks to SMEs for the period of December 2019 to December 2021 was collected on a monthly basis. Changes in data was affected by the growth of the number of people infected with the virus during this period and it has been analyzed by the Markov regime transfer method. The results showed that when the dependent variable is in its high regime, the growth of the number of people infected with the Covid-19 virus does not have a significant effect on the system. but in the low and medium regime, this variable has a negative and significant effect on the amount of bank loan to SMEs in Iran. In addition, the impact of some variables such as the growth of the exchange rate and the inflation index on the lending performance of banks was also considered during the pandemic.https://www.oajre.ir/article_212297_2510780cdd2288cd6c42e3596f52c47d.pdf