Supply chain ambidexterity refers to a firm's capacity to simultaneously and effectively manage ongoing operational activities and strategic adaptations, thereby facilitating innovation and responsiveness to market dynamics. Organizations must be capable of pursuing adaptability to evolving market conditions while maintaining operational efficiency and stability. Supply chain ambidexterity enables firms to concurrently enhance productivity and flexibility, which in turn exerts a significant influence on financial performance. The primary objective of this study is to examine the effect of emotional intelligence on financial performance, with particular attention to the mediating role of supply chain ambidexterity in the relationship between these two variables. This research employs a descriptive-survey methodology. The statistical population comprises managers and employees of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Mashhad, Iran, from which a sample of 384 participants was determined and selected using appropriate sampling procedures. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM) with a partial least squares (PLS) approach via SmartPLS software. The findings indicate that emotional intelligence significantly influences both financial performance and supply chain ambidexterity in SMEs located in Mashhad. Furthermore, supply chain ambidexterity exerts a significant positive effect on the financial performance of these enterprises. Additionally, the results reveal that supply chain ambidexterity mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and financial performance.