The 12-day war imposed by Israel against Iran constitutes a critical juncture in the history of the Islamic Revolution, serving as a profound test of the nation’s economic, social, and institutional resilience. Despite its brevity, the conflict generated severe external pressures that threatened national stability. This study investigates the key components of Iran’s economic resilience during the 12-day war and identifies the mechanisms that safeguarded the economy from crisis. Anchored in the theoretical framework of economic resilience and employing a qualitative, content analysis approach, the research highlights how the interplay of institutional capacity (active government management, ministerial coordination, the role of the central bank, and private sector engagement), social cohesion (public trust, empathy, rational collective behavior, and civic participation), and innovative crisis management (deployment of digital tools, adoption of smart systems, and experience-based strategies rooted in the Sacred Defense) enabled the maintenance of economic stability, mitigation of shocks, and rapid post-crisis recovery. The findings provide valuable insights and policy-relevant lessons for managing contemporary political, economic, and security challenges.